High velocity combustion-jet motivater coke oven battery



March 7, 1961 D. SCHMIDT 4,090

HIGH VELOCITY COMBUSTION-JET MOTIVATER COKE OVEN BATTERY Filed NOV. 24,1959 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 0o 00 Q0 Q00 35 00 00 00 db Q FIG.5. I 72 INVENTORLAWRENCE D. SCHMIDT ATTORNEY March 7, 1961 L. D. SCHMIDT 2,974,090

HIGH VELOCITY COMBUSTION-JET MOTIVATER COKE OVEN BATTERY Filed Nov. 24,1959 s Sheets-Sheet s INVENTOR 3 LAWRENCE D. SCHMIDT BY EM ATTORNEYUnited States Patent HIGH VELOCITY COMBUSTION-JET MOTIVATER COKE OVENBATTERY Lawrence D. Schmidt, New York, N .Y., assignor to AlliedChemical Corporation, New York, N.Y., a corporation of New York FiledNov. 24, 1959, Ser. No. 855,081

9 Claims. (Cl. 202-12) This invention relates to a coke oven batterycharacterized by improved distribution of heat to the oven cokingchambers and improved coking of the coal.

One problem heretofore encountered in the coking of coal in coke plantshas been unequal distribution of heat to the oven coking chambersresulting in non-uniform and poor quality coke. This problem hasoccurred in by product coke ovens of both the vertically flued andhorizontally flued types when using hydrogen-rich gas, e.g. coke ovengas as fuel, and has resided in the combustion flame being too short andextending only a short distance from the burners in the ends or bottomportions of the heating lines. The resulting uneven distribution of heatto the coking chambers produced coke containing green or uncarbonizedcoke and also some coke resulting from carbonization at too high aheating rate for optimum quality so that the coke generally wasrejected.

Combustion flames have been lengthened heretofore in oven heating lineswith attendant improvement in heat distribution to the coking chambersby recycling waste gas from the waste gas flue to the heating flues bymeans of exhauster fans and compressors. However the exhauster fans andcompressors, which have moving parts are unsatisfactory for recyclingthe waste gas because the waste gas normally contains considerableamounts of sulfuric acid mist, nitrogen oxides, water vapor, oxygen,carbon dioxide and nitrogen, in addition to being at high temperature,resulting in prohibitive corrosion of their moving parts, bearingtrouble, and clogging or fouling of this gas moving equipment. Moreover,gas coolers and scrubbers usually had to be employed ahead of thecompressors with resultant loss of sensible heat and consequently lossof one of the major advantages of recycle.

One object of the present invention is to provide coke ovens providingsubstantially uniform distribution of heat to the oven coking chamberswith attendant uniform coking of the coal therein.

Another object is to provide coke ovens providing recycle of hotcorrosive waste gas to the oven heating flues without fouling anddamaging of the gas moving equip ment.

Another object is to provide an improved coke oven battery providingrecycling the hot corrosive waste gas to oven heating lines to improveheat distribution to the coking chambers without prior scrubbing andcooling of the waste gas with attendant loss of sensible heat.

Another objectis to provide an improved coke oven battery providinggeneration and addition of considerable heat to the waste gas beingrecycled to the heating flues for ultimate distribution together withthe heat produced in the heating fines to the coking chamber.

Another object is to provide a process for the production of uniformsaleable coke in high yield.

A further object is to provide a process achieving substantially uniformdistribution of heat to oven coking chambers with attendant uniformcoking of the coal.

" volume hydrogen and slowly combustible such as ice The coke ovenbattery improved by the present invenbers for preheating combustion airprior to its introduction into the heating flues, a sole fluecommunicating with the preheating means, and a waste gas flue or duct.The invention contemplates in combination with the coke oven batterystructure a high velocity combustion-jet motivater comprising a chamberadapted to receive a combustible mixture of oxygen-containing gas andfluid fuel and, after burning of the mixture, to discharge a highvelocity jet of gaseous combustion products, and one or more entrainmentnozzles adapted to receive waste gas from the waste gas flue and thehigh velocity gaseous jet from the combustion chamber so that thegaseous jet entrains the waste gas. The entrainment nozzle or nozzlesare arranged to discharge the mixture of gaseous combustion products andentrained waste gas into the coke oven battery structure, and ultimatelytherein into the end portion of the heating flues in heating service inthe region of the main burners, to effect elongation of the flameswithin the flues with attendant improved distribution of heat to thecoking chambers and to supplement the heat produced in the heating fluesfor the coking.

In preferred embodiments of the invention, the com bustion chamber isprovided with an inlet for fluid fuel such as fuel gas produced by thecoking operation, an auxiliary burner therewithin, and a dischargeoutlet of relatively small diameter disposed at the inlet of theentrainment nozzle which in turn is located within an enclosing feedcasing or chamber connected with the waste gas flue. If a number ofentrainment nozzles are used, the high velocity mixture of waste gas andcombustion products passes through the nozzles serially so that thesuccessive nozzles aspirate increments of waste gas from the feedchamber.

Depending upon the number of ovens in a battery and the capacity of thecombustion chamber and auxiliary burner, one set or a number of sets ofthe combustion, chamber-entrainment nozzle assemblies may be used tosupply recirculated waste gas and preferably uncooled waste gas to thebattery. By the term rich fuel gas used herein is meant a fuel gas ofrelatively high hydrogen content generally in excess of 53% by volumehydrogen and of rapid combustibility such as coke oven gas or blue gas,as contrasted with lean gas which is relatively low in hydrogen contentcontaining less than about 13% by ducer gas or blast furnace gas.

siderably improved distribution of heat to the oven coking chambers; (2)production of uniform or substantially Additional objects and advantageswill be apparentas the invention is hereafter described in detail.

uniform saleable coke in high yields and obviating any.

appreciable production of green undercarbonized coke and coke resultingfrom carbonization at too high a heating rate; (3) elimination of therequirement of scrubbing and cooling the hot corrosive recycle waste gaswith attendant loss of sensible heat; (4) avoidance of fouling stillattained.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a fragmentary plan view of a coke oven battery of the presentinvention.

Fig. 2 is a vertical elevational section taken on line 2--2 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a vertical elevational section taken on line 33 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a vertical sectional detail view of the high velocitycombustion-jet motivater of the battery of Figs. 1 and 2, the jetmotivater being disconnected from the battery.

Fig. 5 is a vertical sectional detail view of another embodiment of thecombustion-jet motivater of the instant invention.

Referring to Figs. 1-3 of the drawings disclosing vertically fluedunderjet coke ovens modified in accordance with the present invention,heating walls 9 alternate in position side by side with coking chambers10 and are formed with vertical heating flues 11. The coking chambersare typically 40 feet long, 13 feet high and 1.5 feet in average width,and typically 24 heating fiues are formed in each wall. Horizontal richfuel gas supply manifold 12 extends beneath the heating flues and spacedvertical ducts 13 lead from the outlets of manifold 12 to main burners14 disposed at alternate lower and higher levels in the lower portionsof heating flues 11. Outer regenerator chambers 15 filled with slottedtile checkers are located beneath the heating flles and communicate attheir upper portion through ports 16 with the lower portion of theheating flues adjacent burners 14. Sole flue 17, also called a bus flue,extends beneath regenerator 15 and communicates at its upper portionthrough openings or ports 18 with the lower portion of the regenerator.Cross-over fines 19 connect the burning heating flues with thenon-burning flues.

Waste gas duct 20 communicates with the outer end of sole flue 17 andwaste gas flue 21 formed in the masonry side wall. Combustion air supplyduct 22 communicates with sole flue 17, and has inlet 23 for admissionof air from basement space 24. Another combustion air supply duct 25disposed similarly as duct 22 supplies air to another sole flue (notshown) which extends parallel to sole flue 17 in known manner andcommunicates through ports with the lower portion of the innerregenerator chamber of the oven. Distributing duct 26, which is a steelduct having an inner lining of refractory material and constructed so asnot to leak gases under positive pressure, distributes waste gasentrained in the hot gaseous combustion products from the high velocitycombustion-jet motivater (hereafter described), duct 26 extendingadjacent waste gas flue 21 the length of the battery and connected atits upper portion by valved conduit 27 and other similar valved conduitsspaced along its upper length to combustion air supply duct 22 and othersimilar combustion air supply ducts (not shown). In Fig. 1 the chimneystack is designated by 35.

Mushroom type air reversing valve 28 and waste gas reversing valve 29are disposed directly above air supply duct 22 and waste gas duct 20respectively, valve 28 being in an open position as shown and valve 29being in a closed position. Butterfly valve 30 for controlling flow ofrecycled waste gas is provided in conduit 27, and another butterflyvalve 31 for shutting ofli flow of recycled waste gas on reversal isalso provided in conduit 27, valve 30 being in partially open,throttling position as shown. Valve 31 shown in fully open position, isoperated by the reversing mechanism 32. Reversing mechanism 32 foroperating the butterfly valve 31 is synchronized with the operatingmechanism for waste gas and air reversing valves 28 and 29 respectivelyin known manner, so that when the reversal of flow of combustion air andwaste gas is made by moving valve 28 to the closed position and valve 29to open position to cut off flow of combustion air to regenerator 15 andenable flow of hot waste gas through this regenerator, butterfly valve31 is moved to the closed position to cut off flow of the entrained wastgas to air supply duct 22. When valve 31 in conduit 27 is closed,similar butterfly valves in alternate conduits similar to conduit 27spaced along the length and connecting the upper portions ofdistributing duct 26 with air supply ducts similar to duct 22 and theircorresponding air reversing valves will open and the corresponding wastegas reversal valves close, to enable reverse flow of the waste gas andhot gaseous combustion products to the corresponding sole flue andregenerator. Pillar walls 33 provide support for the ovens. Ovenbuckstay is designated at 34 in Fig. 2.

In accordance with the invention, high velocity combustion-jet motivater37 is connected at its discharge outlet end by flanged conduit 38integral therewith to flanged conduit 39 by bolting, conduit 39 beingconnected at its opposite end to distributing duct 26. Conduits 38 and39, distributing duct 26, conduit 27 and duct 22 together form anenclosed or substantially enclosed passageway communicating thedischarge outlet of jet motivater 37 with sole flues 17. Distributingduct 26 is connected at its upper portion by spaced passageways with anydesired number of the sole flues, the passageways being formed by valvedconduits similar to valved conduit 27 spaced along its upper length asdescribed and connected to air'supply ducts similar to air supply ducts22 which in turn are connected to the sole flues, the sole fluescommunicating with the regenerators and heating flues. Waste gas supplyconduit 69 (Fig. l) connects waste gas inlet 67 of motivater 37 withwaste gas flue 21 (Fig. 2), supply conduit 69 being connected to flangededge 68 of inlet 67 by bolting. Combustion chamber 40 is disposed withinmotivater casing 41 and discharges a high velocity jet of hot gaseouscombustion products from its nozzle-shaped discharge outlet 42 throughaxially aligned entrainment nozzles 43 and 44 as motive fluid foroperating the motivater. Jet motivater 37 rests on supporting members 45and 46. As shown in more detail in Fig. 4, jet motivater 37 comprisescombustion chamber 40 formed of stainless steel which is resistant butstill susceptible to heat damage at the high temperatures encountered.The combustion chamber can be formed of heat resistant refractorymaterial such as fire clay, magnesite, etc., if desired. Steelcombustion chamber 40 is provided with a plurality of spaced smalldiameter orifices 48 each of typical diameter of 0.01 inch in its wall,and has coolant jacket 49 surrounding its orificed Wall. Coolant supplyconduit 50 extends into jacket 49 wherefrom coolant weeps or passesthrough the orifices into the combustion chamber to cool the chamberwall sufliciently to avoid heat damage thereto. The fluid coolant can bewater in which case as the water evaporates from the inside wall ofchamber 40, the heat of evaporation and the movement of the generatedsteam protect the wall from the effect of the high temperaturesprevailing in the combustion zone. If desired the coolant can be steam.Further, the combustion chamber can be constructed of material permeableto water or steam such as sintered metal or silicon carbide, if desired,and then cooled by passing steam or water from the jacket 49 intocombustion chamber 40. Burner 51 is provided within combustion chamber40 adjacent its inlet 52, inlet 52 enabling inflow of a mixture of fluidfuel, e.g. fuel gas such as coke oven gas and oxygen-containing gas intothe inlet 52 and thence to burner 51, the fuel gas-oxygencontaining gasmixture being supplied from a compressor (not shown) through flangedconduit 53 having a frustro conical portion integral with combustionchamber 40. Igniter inlet 54 provides for introduction into combustionchamber 40 of suitable igniting means, e.g. a spark plug, pilot light orglow tube. Combustion chamber 40 is welded to flanged cover plate 55 andcover plate 55 is bolted to flanged edge 56 of motivater casing 41,casing 4-1 being of stainless steel.

Entrainment nozzle 43 constructed of or lined with heat resistantmaterial, for instance silicon carbide or zirconia, is mounted in casing41 by means of supporting members 57 and 58, nozzle 43 beingaxiallyaligned and communicating at its inlet end portion with nozzle-shapeddischarge outlet 42 of combustion chamber 40. Entrainment nozzle 43 hasinwardly tapered inlet portion 59, outwardly tapered outlet portion 60and throat portion 61 intermediate the inlet and outlet portions. Nozzle43 has typical length of 3 feet and throat diameter of 6 inches. Theinwardly tapered inlet portion of nozzle 43 has typical largest diameterof 1 foot and its outwardly tapered outlet portion has typical largestdiameter'of 9 inches. Another entrainment nozzle 44 of larger dimensionsthan nozzle 43 is integral with casing 41 and axially aligned withnozzle 43, nozzle 44 communicating at an inlet end portion with thedischarge outlet of nozzle 43. Nozzle 44 is formed with inwardly taperedinlet portion 63, outwardly tapered outlet portion 64 and throat portion65 intermediate the inlet and outlet portions. Nozzle 44 has typicallength of 6 feet and throat diameter of 1 /2 feet. The inwardly taperedinlet portion of nozzle 44 has typical largest diameter of 3 feet andits outwardly tapered outlet portion has typical largest diameter of 3%feet. Casing 41 terminates at the inlet end of nozzle 44, and thiscasing has typical length of 12 feet and diameter of 3 /2 feet. Theentrainment nozzles function by reason of the high velocity gaseous jetfrom the combustion chamber passing serially therethrough, the gaseousjet producing suction as it passes first through nozzle 43 and thenthrough nozzle 44. The suction draws waste gas from Waste gas flue 21through conduit 69 and into casing 41, whence a portion of the gas isdrawn into inlet portion 59 of nozzle 43 and another portion of the gasis drawn into inlet portion 63 of nozzle 44 by the suction.

The jet motivater of Fig. 5 is similar to the motivator of Fig. 4 exceptthat its combustion chamber 70 is imperforate and constructed of orlined with fire clay or other suitable high temperature refractorymaterial such as magnesite, zirconia, or silicon carbide and does nothave a coolant jacket surrounding the combustion chamber. Furthercombustion chamber 70 is bolted to flanged cover plate 71 which in turnis bolted to flanged edge 72 of pump casing 73. Chamber 70 is alsosupported in casing 73 by other supporting means (not shown) well knownin the art.

The present invention is also applicable to improve-- ment of horizontalflued coke ovens and to improved coking of coal using these ovens, byproviding for flame elongation in the heating flues with attendantsubstantially uniform distribution of heat to the coking chambers anduniform coking of the coal. The horizontal flued ovens, often used forproduction of foundry coke, are heated by flames burning horizontallyand serially in the heating flues instead of vertically and parallel asin the previously described ovens. The horizontal flued ovens of thepresent invention are of two types: (1) regenerative, and (2)recuperative ovens. In the horizontal flued regenerative oven, thecoking chamber is typically 36 feet long, 11 feet high and 19 /2 inchesin average width. Six heating flues are typically located on each sideof the coking chamber and one sole flue is located beneath the cokingchamber. mounted on the coke discharge side and two on the pusher side,the gas burners entering the ends of the heating flues from riser pipesor manifolds outside the battery. The top flue is generally not providedwith a gas burner and is designed to be maintained cooler. The flues ofone oven are separated from those of the next by a division wallextending downwardly between the regenerators to the concrete matsupporting the battery. Two vertical flues are formed in this divisionwall at the pusher end for the passage of preheated combustion air fromthe regenerator, or, after reversal at the end of the half-hour period,the counter passage of hot waste gas to the regenerator. Tworegenerators are located beneath Three gas burners are typically twocentral transverse flues extending the length of the battery conductingcombustion air to the regenerators on one side or waste gas to thechimney stack from the regenerators on the other side. Using thehorizontal flued regenerative ovens, reversals is made only of air andwaste gas, and the fuel gas burns .continuously at all burners.

The horizontal flued recuperative ovens differ from the regenerativeovens by having recuperators instead of regenerators, the recuperatorseach comprising narrow thin wall ducts of refractory construction forpassage of combustion air interlaid between narrow passages forconducting hot waste gas in counterdirection, the air being preheatedduring its passage by heat exchange with the hot waste gas. In therecuperative ovens the air, which is already somewhat warmed by passageunder the battery, passes upwardly through the narrow vertical passagesof the recuperator and into a sub-sole flue extending parallel to theoven axis. The preheated air passes to one side at the end of thesub-sole flue, passes upwardly through a vertical duct in the divisionwall and thence passes through ports into the horizontal heating flues,or the air may pass in part to the other end of the oven alonghorizontal flues extending parallel to the main sole flue'and rise atthe other end through a vertical duct in the division wall to the airports and thence into the heating flues at that end. Flow of combustionair and burning gas in the heating flues is continuous from the top tothe bottom flue, and the waste gas divides on reaching the bottom fluewith a portion thereof traversing the bottom heating flue and theremainder the sole flue where it preheats the air enteringalongside.Both portions of waste gas ultimately commingle adjacent the end of thesole flue and enter the upper tiers of horizontal passages in therecuperator, returning through the bottom tiers of horizontal passagesand thence passing to the waste gas or chimney flue. Both the horizontalflued regenerative and recuperator ovens are described in more detail inthe technical book Coal Carbonization by H. C. Porter, 1924, pages l79thereof. The high velocity combustion-jet motivater of the instantinvention would be connected to either of these horizontally flued ovensin a manner such that the waste gas inlet of the jet motivater wouldcommunicate with the waste gas or chimney flue of the battery bya'conduit or other suitable enclosed passageway, and the jet motivaterdischarge outlet for the gaseous jet having the entrained waste gaswould be connected by a conduit or enclosed passageway with thepassageway or duct supplying combustion air to the regenerators (in theregenerative ovens) or to the recuperators (in the recuperator ovens). vV j The process of the invention, in its broader aspects involvessubjecting a coking coal charge to coking by indirect heating in theoven coking chambers having interposed flued heating walls, burning richfuel gas, e.g. coke oven gas in the heating flues to obtain flames in anend portion of the flues with attendant distribution of heat through theheating wall to the coking chambers, hot, corrosive waste gas also beingobtained from such burning, burning fluid fuel, e.g. fuel gas such ascoke oven gas under pressure in a separate combustion zone to obtain hotgaseous combustion products, and discharging the hot gaseous combustionproducts from the combustion zone and passing the same as a highvelocity jet through an entrainment nozzle to produce suction. The hotcorrosive waste gas is entrained in the high velocity gaseous jetpassing through the nozzle by reason of the suction and the waste gaspropelled within the nozzle by taining gas is preheated in thepreheating'zone. The preheated hot gaseous stream containing the wastegas together with the oxygen-containing gas is then withdrawn .from thepreheating zone and passed into an end portion of the heating flues inthe region of the burning fuel gas. Incombustible constituents of thewaste gas cause combustion of the rapidly combustible rich fuel gas totake place at a slower rate thereby effecting elongation of the flameswithin the heating flues with attendant substantially uniformdistribution of their heat to the coking chambers and uniform coking ofthe coal.

More specifically, in accordance with the process using the verticallyflued underjet coke ovens, coking coal such as bituminous coal chargedto coking chambers 10 from the larry car is subjected to coking thereinby distribution of heat to the coking chambers from heating flues 11.The coking can be low, medium or high temperature carbonization, typicalflue temperatures employed ranging from about 1700 F.2000 F. for thelow, about 2000 F.2200 F. for the medium, and about 2200" F.2600 F. forthe high temperature carbonization. Rich fuel gas, e.g. coke oven gas issupplied to burners 14 of heating flues 11 through manifold 12 and ducts13 terminating at the burners. The rich rapidly combustible fuel gas isburned by burners 14 to normally obtain nonelongated flames extendingonly in the lower portion of heating lines 11 with attendant unevendistribution of heat through heating walls 9 to the coking chambers 10.Air is withdrawn from basement space 24 through inlet 23 of combustionair supply duct 22 and continuously passed through duct 22 to sole fine17, and thence through ports 18 to regenerator chamber 15 packed withthe checkers. The air is preheated during its passage upwardly throughthe checkers of the regenerator and then introduced through ports 16into the lower portion of heating flues 11 adjacent burners 14 tosupport the combination. Hot corrosive waste gas normally containingsulfuric acid, nitrogen oxides, carbon dioxide, water vapor, oxygen andnitrogen obtained from the combustion in heating flues 11 is withdrawnfrom the upper portion of heating flues 11 and through horizontal flues19, and then downwardly through the non-burning flues. From thenon-burning flues the waste gas is passed through the checkers ofanother regenerator chamber and then through the ports at the lowerportion of the regenerator to sole flue 75 (Fig. 3), the waste gas beingthen withdrawn from the sole flue through a waste gas duct 76 (Fig. l)to the waste gas flue 21.

Mixture of fluid fuel, preferably fuel gas, e.g. coke oven gas, naturalgas or methane, or oxygen-containing gas, e.g. air, oxygen oroxygen-enriched air is continuously passed under pressure from acompressor through conduit 53 and inlet 52 into combustion chamber 40 ofthe high velocity combustion-jet motivater. Coke oven gas is thepreferred fuel gas. Fuel oil can be used instead of the fuel gas, ifdesired. The fuel is continuously or substantially continuously ignitedand burned in combustion chamber under superatmospheric pressure ofabout 1-50 p.s.i.g. to obtain hot gaseous combustion products havingtypical temperature of about 3600 F.4000 F. Cooling water at typicaltemperature of about 60 F 80 F. is passed through conduit 50 into jacket49 sur rounding the combustion chamber whereby the cooling water weepsinto the combustion chamber through orifices 48 in the chamber wall tocool the chamber wall sufliciently by evaporative cooling to avoiddamage from the contained hot gases. If desired, steam can be used asthe coolant. The gaseous combustion products and steam are continuouslydischarged from combustion chamber 40 through its nozzle-shaped outlet42 as a jet of very high velocity, typically under these temperatureconditions at velocity of about 1000-5000 feet per second and passedserially through entrainment nozzles 43 and 44 thereby imparting much ofthe momentum of the jetted gases to the waste gas. Waste gas from wastegas flue 21 is continuously drawn through conduit 69 by reason of thesuction created by the momentum of the jetted gases and introducedthrough inlet 67 into motivater casing 41. The waste gas, which hastypical temperature of about 400 F.-700 F. is entrained in the gaseousjet passing serially through entrainment nozzles 43 and 44, a portion ofthe waste gas being drawn into inlet end portion 59 of nozzle 43 and theremaining portion being drawn into inlet end portion 63 of nozzle 44.The waste gas is compressed and propelled by the gaseous jet passingthrough the entrainment nozzles and finally discharged from entrainmentnozzle 43 through conduits 38 and 39 into distributing conduit 26. Thehigh temperature gaseous combustion products of the jet contain aquantity of heat equivalent to typically from about 900-1100 B.t.u.s perpound and because the gaseous combustion products have a considerablyhigher temperature than the recycle Waste gas, heat flows therefrom tothe waste gas. Most of this considerable quantity of heat is ultimatelyintroduced into the heating flues and distributed together with the heatproduced in the heating flues to the coking chambers. The ratio ofentrained waste gas to motive gaseous combustion products is large usingthe high velocity combustion-jet motivater of this invention, the weightratio being typically from about 3:1 to 10:1 respectively.

With air reversing valve 28 and butterfly valves 30 and 31 also in anopen position as shown and waste gas reversing valve 29 in a closedposition, a portion of the waste gas together with the gaseouscombustion products of the jet passes through conduit 27 into admixturewith the air stream flowing through combustion air supply duct 22. Theresulting mixture of combustion air, hot waste gas and hot gaseouscombustion products of the jet then flow via sole channel 17, ports oropenings 18, regenerator 15 and ports 16 into the lower portion ofheating flues 11, preferably beside burners 14 in the region of theburning rich fuel gas, whereby the flame therein is considerablyelongated by reason of the incombustible materials present in the wastegas with attendant substantially uniform distribution of its heat tocoking chambers 10 and uniform coking of the coal.

Coking of a bituminous coal using the improved vertically flued cokeovens and coking process of the present invention resulted in productionof uniform saleable coke in high yields, and no appreciable productionof green, undercarbonized coke occurred. Further it was unnecessary toscrub and cool the hot, corrosive recycle waste gas prior to entrainingand pumping the same by the jet motivater and no fouling or damaging ofthe motivater occurred.

Although certain preferred embodiments of the invention have beendisclosed for purpose of illustration, it will be evident that variouschan es and modifications may be made therein without departing from thescope and spirit of the invention.

What is claimed is:

1. In a coke oven battery, the combination of coking chambers havinginterposed flued heating walls, burners dlsposed in the end portion ofthe heating flues, fuel gas supply ducts for supplying fuel gas to theburners, preheating means for heating combustion air prior to itsintroduction into the heating flues, a sole flue communieating with saidpreheating means, a waste gas duct, a combustion chamber having anoutlet for discharge of a hot gaseous combustion products as a highvelocity gaseous jet, an entrainment nozzle disposed adjacent andcommunicating at an inlet end portion thereof with the discharge outletof the combustion chamber, fluid fuel supply means for supplying fluidfuel into the combustion chamber, a first enclosed passagewaycommunicating the waste gas duct and the entrainment nozzle, and asecond enclosed passageway for conducting the gaseous jet having thewaste gas entrained therein from the entrainment nozzle discharge outletfor ultimate introduction into the spam end portion of the heating fluesin the region of the gas burners therein.

2. In a coke oven battery, the combination of coking chambers,vertically flued heating walls alternating in position side by side withthe coking chambers, burners disposed in the lower portion of theheating flues, richtion with the lower portion of the regeneratorchamber,

a waste gas flue communicating with the sole flue, a combustion airsupply duct interconnecting the sole flue and a source of combustionair, a combustion chamber having a burner for fluid fuel therein and anozzle-shaped outlet spaced from said burner for discharge of hotgaseous combustion products as a high velocity gaseous jet, anentrainment nozzle disposed adjacent and communicating at an inlet endportion thereof with the nozzle-shaped discharge outlet of thecombustion chamber, fluid fuel supply means for supplying fluid fuel tothe combustion chamber burner, a first enclosed passageway communicatingthe waste gas flue and the inlet portion of the entrainment nozzle, anda second enclosed passageway communicating the discharge outlet of theentrainment nozzle and the sole flue whereby the gaseous jet havingwaste gas entrained therein is conducted to the sole flue and thencetogether with the combustion air through the regenerator chamber intothe lower portion of the heating flues in the region of the gas burnerstherein.

3. Ina coke oven battery, the combination of coking chambers, verticallyflued heating walls alternating in position side by side with the cokingchambers, burners disposed in the lower portion of the heating flues, ahorizontal rich fuel gas supply manifold extending beneath theregenerator chambers, spaced vertical ducts interconnecting the manifoldoutlets and the burners in the lower portion of the heating flues, thefuel gas being burned in the heating flues to normally obtainnonelongated flames in the lower portion of the flues with attendantuneven distribution of heat to the coking chambers, combustion airpreheating regenerator chambers beneath the heating flues communicatingat their upper portions by ports therein with the lower portions of theheating flues adjacent the gas burners, a sole flue extending beneaththe regenerator chamber and communicating at its upper portion through aplurality of spaced openings therein with the lower portion of theregenerator chamber, a waste gas flue communicating with the sole flue,a combustion air supply duct interconnecting the sole flue adjacent thepoint of communication of the waste gas flue and a source of combustionair, a casing having an inlet for waste gas, a first entrainment nozzlemounted in the casing, said first nozzle being in axial alignment withand communicating at an inlet end portion thereof with a nozzle-shapeddischarge outlet of a combustion chamber also mounted in the casing, theinlet end portion of said first nozzle being adjacent the casing wastegas inlet and providing for introduction of a portion of the waste gasinto said nozzle, a second entrainment nozzle in axial alignment withand communicating at an inlet end portion thereof with a dischargeoutlet of said first entrainment nozzle, the inlet end portion of saidsecond nozzle also providing for introduction of waste gas into saidsecond nozzle, each entrainment nozzle having a passage therethroughincluding an inwardly tapered inlet portion, an outwardly tapered outletportion, and a throat portion intermediate the tapered inlet and outletportions, the combustion chamber formed of refractory material andhaving an inlet for mixture of fuel gas and oxygen-containing gas and anozzle-shaped outlet remote from said inlet for continuous discharge ofhot gaseous combustion products as a high velocity gase- I 1 ous jetinto and through the first and second entrainment nozzles as motivefluid, a burner within said combustion chamberadjacent and communicatingwith its fuel gas inlet, a conduit for continuous supply of mixture offuel gas and oxygen-containing gas to the combustion chamber inlet andthence to the burner therein, a waste gas supply conduit communicatingthe waste gas flue and the casing waste gas inlet, an entrained wastegas distributing duct extending beneath the fuel gas supply manifold,the last-mentioned duct being interconnected and communicating with thedischarge outlet of said second nozzle by an enclosed passageway, and avalved conduit interconnecting an upper portion of the waste gasdistributing duct and the combustion air supply duct whereby the gaseousjet having waste gas entrained therein is continu:

ously conducted to the air supply duct, thence together 7 with thecombustion air into the sole flue, through the regenerator chamber andfinally into the lower portion of the heating flues in the region of thegas burners therein, incombustib-le constituents of the waste gaseffecting elongation of the combustion flames within the heating fluewith attendant substantially uniform distribution of heat to the cokingchambers and substantially uniform coking of the coal.

4. In a coke oven battery, the combination of coking chambers havinginterposed flued heating walls, burners disposed in the end portion'ofthe heating flues, fuel gas supply ducts for supplying fuel gas to theburners, preheating means for heating combustion air prior to itsintroduction into the heating flues, a sole flue communicating with saidpreheating means, a waste gas duct, a combustion chamber having anoutlet for discharge of hot gaseous combustion products as a highvelocity gaseous jet, a plurality of spaced orifices in the combustionchamber wall, a coolant jacket encompassing the chamber orificed wall, afluid coolant supply conduit extending into the cooling jacket wherebycoolant passes into the combustion chamber to cool the chamber wallsufficiently to avoid heat damage thereto, an entrainment nozzledisposed adjacent and communicating at an inlet end portion thereof withthe discharge outlet of the cornbustion chamber, fluid fuel supply meansfor supplying fluid fuel into the combustion chamber, a first enclosedpassageway communicating the waste gas duct and the entrainment nozzle,and a second enclosed passageway for conducting the gaseous jet havingthe waste gas entrained therein from the entrainment nozzle dischargeoutlet for ultimate introduction into the end portion of I the heatingflues in the region of the gas burners therein.

5. In a coke oven battery, the combination of coking chambers,vertically flued heating walls alternating in position side by side withthe coking chambers, burners disposed in the lower portion of theheating flues, a horizontal rich fuel gas supply manifold extendingbeneath the regenerator chambers, spaced vertical ducts interconnectingthe manifold outlets and the burners in the lower portion of the heatingflues, the fuel gas being burned in the heating flues to normally obtainnon-elongated flames in the lower portion of the flues with attendantuneven distribution of heat to the coking chambers, combustion airpreheating regenerator chambers beneaththe heating flues communicatingat their upper portions by ports therein with the lower portions of theheating flues adjacent the gas burners, a sole flue extending beneaththe regenerator and communicating at its upper portion through aplurality of spaced openings therein with the lower portion of theregenerator, a waste gas flue communicating with the sole flue, acombustion air supply duct interconnecting the sole flue adjacent thepoint of communication of the waste gas flue and a source of combustionair, a casing having an inlet for waste gas, a first entrainment nozzlemounted in the casing, said first nozzle being in axial alignment withand communicating at an inlet end portion thereof with a nozzleshapeddischarge outlet of a combustion chamber also mounted in the casing, theinlet end portion of said first nozzle being adjacent the casing wastegas inlet and providing for introduction of a portion of the waste gasinto said nozzle, a second entrainment nozzle in axial alignment withand communicating at an inlet end portion thereof with a dischargeoutlet of said first entrainment nozzle, the inlet end portion of saidsecond nozzle also providing for introduction of waste gas into saidsecond nozzle, each entrainment nozzle having a tapered passagetherethrough including an inwardly tapered inlet portion, an outwardlytapered outlet portion and a throat portion intermediate said taperedinlet and outlet portions, said casing terminating at and integral withthe inlet end portion of said second entrainment nozzle, said combustionchamber fabricated of material susceptible to heat damage and having aninlet for mixture of fuel gas and oxygen-containing gas and thenozzle-shaped outlet remote from said inlet for continuous discharge ofhot gaseous combustion products as a high velocity gaseous jet into andthrough the first and second entrainment nozzles as motive fluid, aburner for fuel gas within the combustion chamber adjacent andcommunicating with its fuel gas inlet, a conduit for continuous supplyof mixture of fuel gas and oxygen-containing gas to the combustionchamber inlet and thence to the burner therein, a plurality of spacedorifices in the combustion chamber wall, a coolant jacket encompassingthe chamber orificed wall, a fluid coolant supply conduit extending intothe cooling jacket whereby coolant passes into the combustion chamber tocool the chamber Wall suthciently to avoid heat damage thereto, a wastegas supply conduit communicating the waste gas flue and the casing wastegas inlet, an entrained waste gas distributing duct extending adjacentthe waste gas flue and beneath the fuel gas supply manifold, the Wastegas distributing duct communicating with the discharge outlet of saidsecond nozzle by an enclosed passageway, and a valved conduitinterconnecting an upper portion of the waste gas distributing duct andthe combustion air supply conduit, whereby the gaseous jet having wastegas entrained therein is continuously conducted to the air supply duct,then together with the combustion air into the sole flue, through theregenerator chamber and finally into the lower portion of the heatingflues in the region of the gas burners therein, incombustibleconstituents of the waste gas effecting elongation of the combustionflames within the heating flues with attendant substan: tially uniformdistribution of heat to the coking chambers and substantially uniformcoking of the coal.

6. A process for production of uniform coke which comprises subjecting acoking coal charge to coking by indirect heating in coke oven cokingchambers having interposed flued heating walls, burning rich fuel gas inthe heating flues to obtain flames in an end portion of the fines withattendant distribution of heat through the heating walls to the cokingchambers for the coking, hot corrosive waste gas also being obtainedfrom said burning, burning fluid fuel under pressure in a separatecombustion zone to obtain hot gaseous combustion products, dischargingthe hot gaseous combustion products from said combustion zone andpassing the same as a high velocity hot gaseous jet through anentrainment nozzle, entraining the hot waste gas in the high velocityjet passing through the nozzle and propelling the waste gas within thenozzle by the gaseous jet, passing a stream of oxygen-containing gasinto a preheating zone, passing the hot gaseous jet containing theentrained waste gas into admixture with the oxygencontaining gas streamprior to its introduction into said preheating zone, preheating thegaseous stream containing the Waste gas together with theoxygen-containing gas in said preheating zone, and withdrawing the hotgaseous stream containing the waste gas together with theoxygen-containing gas from the preheating zone and passing the same intoan end portion of the heating flues in the region of the burning fuelgas therein, incombustible constituents of said Waste gas effectingelongation of the flames within the flues with attendant substantiallyuniform distribution of heat to the coking chambers and uniform cokingof the coal.

7. A process for production of uniform coke which comprises subjecting acoking coal charge to coking by indirect heating in coke oven cokingchambers having interposed vertically flued heating walls, burning richfuel gas in the heating flues to obtain flames in in a lower portion ofthe flues with attendant distribution of heat through the heating wallsto the coking chambers for the coking, hot corrosive Waste gas alsobeing obtained from the combustion, continuously burning fuel gas underpressure in a separate combustion zone to obtain hot gaseous combustionproducts, continuously discharging the hot gaseous products from saidcombustion zone and passing the same as a high velocity hot gaseous jetserially through a first entrainment nozzle and thence through a secondentrainment nozzle communicating with said first nozzle, continuouslyentraining the hot waste gas in the high velocity jet passing throughthe entrainment nozzles and propelling the waste gas within said nozzlesby the gaseous jet, continuously passing a stream of air into aregenerative preheating zone, continuously passing the hot gaseous jetcontaining the entrained waste gas into admixture with the air streamprior to its introduction into said preheating zone, regenerativelypreheating the gaseous stream containing the waste gas together with theair in said preheating zone, and continuously Withdrawing the hotgaseous stream containing the waste gas together with the air andpassing the same into a lower portion of the heating flues in a regionof the burning fuel gas, incombustible materials present in said wastegas effecting elongation of the flames in the heating flues withattendant substantially uniform distribution of heat to the cokingchambers and uniform coking of the coal.

8. A process for production of uniform coke which comprises subjecting acoking coal charge to coking by indirect heating in coke oven cokingchambers having interposed flued heating walls, burning rich fuel gas inthe heating flues to obtain flames in an end portion of the flues withattendant distribution of heat through the heating Walls to the cokingchambers for the coking, hot corrosive waste gas also being obtainedfrom said burning, burning fluid fuel under pressure in a separatecombustion zone to obtain hot gaseous combustion products, introducingfluid coolant into the last-mentioned combustion zone to cool thecombustion zone wall sufiiciently to avoid heat damage thereto,discharging the hot gaseous combustion products from said combustionzone and passing the same as a high velocity hot gaseous jet through anentrainment nozzle, entraining the hot waste gas in the high velocityjet passing through the nozzle and propelling the waste gas within thenozzle by the gaseous jet, passing a stream of oxygen-containing gasinto a preheating zone, passing the hot gaseous jet containing theentrained waste gas into admixture with the oxygen-containing gas streamprior to its introduction into said preheating zone, preheating thegaseous stream containing the waste gas together with theoxygen-containing gas in said preheating zone, and withdrawing the hotgaseous stream containing the waste gas together with theoxygen-containing gas from the preheating zone a and passing the sameinto an end portion of the heating flues in the region of the burningfuel gas therein, incombustible constituents of said waste gas effectingelongation of the flames within the flues with attendant substantiallyuniform distribution of heat to the coking chambers and uniform cokingof the coal.

9. A process for production of uniform coke which comprises subjecting abituminous coal charge to coking by indirect heating in coke oven cokingchambers having interposed vertically flued heating walls, burning cokeoven gas in the heating flues to obtain flames in a lower 13 portion ofthe fiues with attendant distribution of heat through the heating wallsto the coking chambers for the coking, hot corrosive waste gascontaining sulfuric acid, nitrogen oxides, water vapor, oxygen, carbondioxide and nitrogen also being obtained from the combustion,continuously burning coke-oven gas under superatmospheric pressure ofabout 1 50 p.s.i.g. in a separate combustion zone to obtain hot gaseouscombustion products having temperature of about 3600 F.4000 F.,continuously discharging the hot gaseous combustion products from saidcombustion zone and passing the same as a high velocity .hot gaseous jetserially through a first entrainment nozzle and thence through a secondentrainment nozzle communicating with said first nozzle, continuouslyentraining the hot waste gas in the high velocity gaseous jet passingthrough the entrainment nozzles and propelling the hot waste gas withinsaid nozzles by the gaseous jet,

continuously passing a stream of air into a regenerative preheatingzone, continuously passing thehot gaseous jet containing the 'entrainedwaste gas into admixture with the air stream prior to its introductioninto the preheating zone, regeneratively preheating the gaseous streamcontaining the waste gas together with the air in said preheating zone,and continuously withdrawing the hot v gaseous stream containing thewaste gas together with the air and passing the same into a lowerportion of the the coking chambers and uniform coking of the .coal.

No references cited.

6. A PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF UNIFORM COKE WHICH COMPRISES SUBJECTING ACOKING COAL CHARGE TO COKING BY INDIRECT HEATING IN COKE OVEN COKINGCHAMBERS HAVING INTERPOSED FLUED HEATING WALLS, BURNING RICH FUEL GAS INTHE HEATING FLUES TO OBTAIN FLAMES IN AN END PORTION OF THE FLUES WITHATTENDANT DISTRIBUTION OF HEAT THROUGH THE HEATING WALLS TO THE COKINGCHAMBERS FOR THE COKING, HOT CORROSIVE WASTE GAS ALSO BEING OBTAINEDFROM SAID BURNING, BURNING FLUID FUEL UNDER PRESSURE IN A SEPARATECOMBUSTION ZONE TO OBTAIN HOT GASEOUS COMBUSTION PRODUCTS, DISCHARGINGTHE HOT GASEOUS COMBUSTION PRODUCTS FROM SAID COMBUSTION ZONE ANDPASSING THE SAME AS A HIGH VELOCITY HOT GASEOUS JET THROUGH ANENTRAINMENT NOZZLE, ENTRANINIG THE HOT WASTE GAS IN THE HIGH VELOCITYJET PASSING THROUGH THE NOZZLE AND PROPELLING THE WASTE GAS WITHIN THENOZZLE BY THE GASEOUS JET, PASSING A STREAM OF OXYGEN-CONTAINING GASINTO A PREHEATING ZONE, PASSING THE HOT GASEOUS JET CONTAINING THEENTRAINED WASTE GAS INTO ADMIXTURE WITH THE OXYGEN-CONTAINING GAS STREAMPRIOR TO ITS INTRODUCTION INTO SAID PREHEATING ZONE, PREHEATING THEGASEOUS STREAM CONTAINING THE WASTE GAS TOGETHER WITH THEOXYGEN-CONTAINING GAS IN SAID PREHEATING ZONE, AND WITHDRAWING THE HOTGASEOUS STREAM CONTAINING THE WASTE GAS TOGETHER WITH THEOXYGEN-CONTAINING GAS FROM THE PREHEATING ZONE AND PASSING THE SAME INTOAN END PORTION OF THE HEATING FLUES IN THE REGION OF THE BURNING FUELGAS THEREIN, INCOMBUSTIBLE CONSTITUENTS OF SAID WASTE GAS EFFECTINGELONGATION OF THE FLAMES WITHIN THE FLUES WITH ATTENDANT SUBSTANTIALLYUNIFORM DISTRIBUTION OF HEAT TO THE COKING CHAMBERS AND UNIFORM COKINGOF THE COAL.